Much like the food you eat, the water you drink and the air you breathe, getting adequate sleep is crucial to living a long and healthy life. However, due to the busy nature of modern life, it’s easy to miss out on the sleep you need. As a matter of fact, over one-third of working adults in the U.S. don’t sleep enough. The issue is so pervasive and severe that some experts have classified insufficient sleep as a global public health crisis.

There are many reasons for insufficient sleep, but increasing technology use is thought to be a major contributor. With access to artificial lighting and additional entertainment, it’s now easier for people to stay up later than they ever could before.

Though modern technology can be detrimental to sleep, it can also be beneficial if you have access to the right tools and know how to use them appropriately. With the help of these solutions and small shifts in your habits, you can make sure that your devices help, rather than hurt, your sleep.

Your technology usage may affect your sleep due to the following factors:

• Blue light: Smartphones, televisions, tablets and other devices emit blue light, an energizing type of light that interferes with your circadian rhythm. Your circadian rhythm determines when your body is ready to wake and go to sleep, relying on external stimuli to make the appropriate signal. Exposure to blue light suppresses the production of the sleep hormone melatonin. This can help you stay awake during the day, but if you use devices that emit blue light at night, it can be significantly more difficult to fall asleep.
• Interactivity: Many devices, including smartphones, require a high level of interaction. Compared to passive technologies like television and radio, this can encourage your brain to remain awake and engaged while you continue to use your devices. Further, some kinds of interactive technology may be emotionally stimulating. For instance, you may play a video game that causes an adrenaline rush or see something on social media that is upsetting. If you have a strong emotional reaction right before bed, you may struggle to get to sleep.
• Distractions: Similarly, using technology may be distracting and might cause you to stay up later than you should. It’s all too easy to get engrossed in an enjoyable activity, such as watching a television show or playing a game and forget about your bedtime.
• Disruptive notifications: Between text messages and social media apps, your smartphone likely receives several different notifications. However, research suggests that leaving your notifications on at night can interrupt your sleep and have greater short- and long-term impacts on your health.

Not only do roughly 90% of surveyed Americans use technology in the hour right before going to bed, but the short- and long-term effects of poor sleep are downright dangerous. To protect your health, it’s crucial to find the appropriate balance between technology use and adequate sleep.

Technology doesn’t have to be detrimental to your sleep. It can even be beneficial for your overall health. You simply have to use the right devices in the right way if you want to improve the quality and duration of your sleep.

Most smartphones come equipped with a variety of health features and settings created specifically to assist users with sleep (and if your phone doesn’t have them, it’s worth investing in a newer, smarter model). Check your device to see if it has some of these common settings that can help improve your sleep:

• Decrease blue light: Many smartphones now have built-in filters to reduce your blue light exposure. Some introduce red or orange light instead; because it does not have the same melatonin-suppressing properties as blue light, it may be a safer alternative when using your devices after dark. These filters typically operate on a schedule, activating after a certain time in the evening until a set time the following morning. If your phone does not have this feature built-in, you can download an app — such as Twilight or Iris — to achieve the same effect.
• Dark mode: Most smartphones also have some kind of “Dark Mode” to reduce the overall brightness of your phone screen. Rather than using the default light-colored background, you can make the background dark. This may be more soothing to your eyes if you’re using your phone in the dark. By going into your settings, you can turn Dark Mode on manually or schedule it so it automatically turns on and off at specific times of the day and night. Individual apps may also offer a similar dark mode setting that you can activate as needed.
• Mute notifications: To avoid being woken up in the middle of the night, mute your phone’s notifications. You will still receive them; your screen simply won’t light up to signal the arrival of a new notification. You can also customize notification preferences for each app on your phone.
• Go silent: Put your phone on silent at night. Notifications will still come in and your screen will light up, but you won’t hear a beep or feel a vibration when they arrive.
• Do not disturb: “Do Not Disturb” mode functions similarly to muting notifications, in that it will prevent any new notifications from grabbing your attention. However, you can customize the settings to allow some notifications to come through. If you worry about emergencies in the middle of the night or certain people need to be able to reach you at any time, Do Not Disturb mode may bring you more peace of mind — and therefore make it easier to sleep — than muting notifications or putting your phone on silent.
• Monitor phone usage: Thanks to features such as Apple’s “Screen Time” and Android’s “Digital Wellbeing,” you can now track your screen time from your phone. Though they were created to help parents manage their kids’ screen time, you can use these features to improve your sleep habits. Check how much time you spend on certain apps or certain kinds of apps. From there, you can set limits to how long and when you can use these apps, creating reminders to log off or blocking you from using them altogether.
• Use reminders: Use your phone’s notifications or alarm features to log off each night. Set recurring reminders so you know, each night, when you need to put your phone down or start getting ready for bed.
• Turn your phone off: Finally, consider turning your phone off completely before going to bed. It’s a simple but effective way to ensure you don’t use it when you should be trying to sleep.

Simply put, mobile devices have great potential to help you mantain a healthy lifestyle — you just have to know how to use yours appropriately. These settings may help and there are additional pieces of technology designed to make your phone an even more powerful sleep tool.

There are countless smartphone apps created to support health and wellness — including those that may be able to help you sleep. Though each app is unique, they commonly have features that track and analyze your sleep, play soothing music or meditations or provide white noises that drown out disturbing sounds. These apps may be helpful if you have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep or you consistently wake up without feeling fully rested.

The app that works best for you will depend on the specific difficulties you’re encountering with your sleep. It may take some trial and error to determine which app is right for you. Examples of apps that aim to help you optimize your sleep include:

• Sleep Cycle: Sleep Cycle monitors your slumber and wakes you up during your lightest sleep phase, helping you feel well-rested when you get up. You can look at your weekly sleep data and, if you upgrade to the premium version, get long-term information about the quality of your sleep. You can find Sleep Cycle on both the App Store and Google Play Store. 
• Headspace: Though it is primarily a meditation app, Headspace also provides “sleepcasts” and guided mindfulness exercises to lull you to sleep. You have access to a handful of select stories and sessions with the free version, but the library grows much larger when you pay for full access. You can find more information at the Headspace website or get the app for either your iOS or Android device.
• Slumber: Alongside guided meditations and bedtime stories, Slumber offers alternative sleep techniques, including hypnosis and autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR), so you can drift off. New stories and sounds are added each week, but you’ll have to pay to access their entire library and alternative features. You can get Slumber for your iOS devices or download the app from the Google Play Store for Android devices.
• Pzizz: Pzizz uses “psychoacoustics,” or the psychological effects of sound, to help you fall and stay asleep. Aimed at people who experience insomnia, the free version provides limited access to their content, while the premium boasts 100 billion sound sequences for users. Pzizz is available for both iOS and Android devices.
• Sleep Easy: Sleep Easy offers various programs and resources related to sleep issues so you can understand your sleep troubles, not just manage them. You can also track your sleep metrics and contact sleep experts directly in the app. At this time, Sleep Easy is only available for iOS.
• Pillow: This app automatically tracks and analyzes your sleep cycle to give personalized tips and help you get the best possible sleep. You can use the app on your iPhone or pair it with your Apple Watch for maximum effect. Currently, Pillow only offers an iOS app for download.
• Calm: Calm is another meditation app that is popularly used to help with sleep. Both the free and premium versions of the app have bedtime stories, music and guided meditations, though the library is significantly smaller with the free version. You can find the Calm app in the App Store for iOS and Google Play Store for Android.
• Relax Melodies: With both preset and customized sleep sounds, Relax Melodies has multi-day courses and single-day programs to help you get deeper, better sleep. The premium version also offers stress-relief tips and life-coaching sessions. Visit the Relax Melodies website for more information on how to get started.
• Noisli: Noisli allows you to create relaxing soundscapes and, thanks to its advanced timer, can even be used to help with time management and focus. You must pay for the premium version to access the timer, as well as its full library of sounds. Get Noisli for iOS or download the Noisli app for Android.
• Moshi: Designed for children, Moshi is an illustrated digital storybook that can help your kids get to sleep. You can download stories and listen even when you don’t have Wi-Fi or a cell signal. Learn more at the Moshi website or visit the app store to download the app on your device.

Smartwatches, fitness trackers and other forms of wearable technology are commonly used to monitor and promote different areas of health, including sleep. With the right device, you can track how long you sleep, the quality of your sleep and the phases of sleep you go through. Some wearables can also make note of environmental and lifestyle factors and assess how those may impact your sleep.

Generally, sleep wearables work by using an accelerometer or gyroscope to detect movement. When you move, you’re considered awake and when you don’t, you’re considered asleep. Some wearables also measure your heart rate, body temperature and other factors to assess whether you’re sleeping.

While wearables won’t provide concrete data or a complete look at your sleep, they can offer better insight into what your sleep is like. If you use a sleep wearable consistently, it can help you understand general patterns in your sleep, as well as anomalies or changes that may also be significant.

With this data, you can then make decisions that improve your sleep. For instance, if you notice that you consistently do not sleep long enough to meet your goal, you can adjust your bedtime accordingly to get the recommended seven to nine hours each night. It may seem like common sense, but seeing the hard data can help drive that point home and inspire you to make lasting changes to your sleep habits.

Smart home technology has quickly become essential in many modern homes. It can simplify basic household activities — and you can even use it to improve your sleep.

Some types of smart home technology that may help you sleep include:

• Smart lights: Use smart lights in your bedroom to maximize your sleep environment. Dimmable smart bulbs mimic the rise and fall of the sun, allowing you to fall asleep and wake up in more natural-looking light. Depending on the type of lights you find, you may even be able to control them remotely.
• Alternative alarm clocks: If the chime of a standard alarm clock isn’t working for you, look into a less conventional clock. If you’re a heavy sleeper, there are also more involved clocks that will force you to get out of bed. Some clocks use light or scents, require you to get out of bed or make you complete a specific action to wake you up. Other clocks can wake you up more gradually if the ring of your current clock is too disruptive.
• Smart thermostats: The temperature of your bedroom has a significant influence on the overall quality of your sleep. If it’s either too hot or too cold, you may have trouble sleeping. Easily controlled with your smartphone, a smart thermostat can make it easier to keep your home at the appropriate temperature so you can sleep comfortably through the night.
• Virtual assistants: Use a virtual assistant — such as a smart speaker or the assistant in your smartphone — to simplify basic bedtime tasks. Using only your voice, you can put on calming music, change the lights or set an alarm. This may be especially useful if you don’t want to leave the comfort of your bed.
• Smart bedding: You can even pick up smart bedding to make your bed more comfortable. Whether you opt for smart sheets or a smart duvet, you can use these items to control the temperature of your bed or take a few steps out of the bed-making process once you do get up.
• Smart mattresses: Ranging from temperature control to biometric tracking, smart mattresses are loaded with useful features that can help you optimize your sleep experience. Some can even connect to other devices in your smart home to help you fall asleep and wake up seamlessly.

Similar to other pieces of technology, some of these technologies were not created specifically as a sleep aid. However, if you know what you’re looking for, you can use many of them to help you benefit from your sleep.

Try using your smart home technology in conjunction with your smartphone, sleep apps and wearables to see what combination of sleep aids works best for your needs. Think of all these items as tools in your tool chest. You can pull something new out when you need a different solution to address your sleep problems.

In addition to using technology, sleep doctors at Harvard Medical School recommend you make a few small shifts to your habits and daily routine to further improve your sleep:

• Keep a consistent sleep schedule: According to the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School, you should be as consistent with your sleep schedule as possible. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on the weekends. This can help reinforce your body’s circadian rhythm, making it easier to fall asleep at night and wake up in the morning.
• Be deliberate about blue light exposure: Harvard Medical School also recommends you pay attention to your exposure to blue light. Do your best to limit your exposure at night so your body can produce natural amounts of melatonin. Conversely, increase your exposure during the day, as this may help your body “stay awake” and make it easier to wind down at night.
• Watch what you eat and drink: According to the Sleep Foundation, your diet can also impact your ability to fall asleep. According to Johns Hopkins sleep expert Rachel E. Salas, M.D, you should avoid consuming caffeine and alcohol, particularly at night, as both can interfere with sleep. Eating large meals right before going to bed can also inhibit your ability to sleep. Similarly, don’t drink any liquids right before going to bed to reduce the chance that you’ll wake up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom.
• Improve your bedroom: Harvard’s Division of Sleep Medicine recommends making your bedroom a sleep sanctuary. Depending on your environment, this could mean ensuring it stays dark with blackout curtains, keeping the temperature consistently cool throughout the night and upgrading your mattress so it’s more comfortable. Consider what you need to sleep well and adjust your room accordingly.
• Exercise regularly: According to sleep researcher Shawn D Youngstedt, regular physical activity is a simple, almost surefire way to improve sleep. It’s significantly easier to fall asleep when your body feels tired. Take some time to find a routine that works for you.
• Build a bedtime routine: The sleep doctors at Harvard assert the importance of developing a relaxing pre-bedtime routine that you can follow each night. Include calming activities, such as gentle stretching, meditation, reading a book or taking a bath. Don’t do anything that might be too exciting or invigorating and avoid using any devices that emit blue light.
• Be careful if you wake up: According to sleep experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, if you wake up in the middle of the night, don’t do any activities that are too stimulating or energizing. Avoid turning on the lights, getting out of bed or using your devices. However, if you can’t fall back asleep after 20 minutes, you should get out of bed and do a calming activity until you feel tired again.
• Talk to your doctor: Finally, Harvard Medical School says you shouldn’t hesitate to talk to your doctor if you have severe or chronic sleep problems. A sleep disorder — such as insomnia, sleep apnea, parasomnia or restless leg syndrome — may be responsible for your insufficient sleep. If this is the case, your sleep may not improve without proper medical assistance.

Sleep technology is useful in and of itself, but when used in conjunction with these supplementary tips, you will be fully equipped to overcome your sleep problems and get the high-quality rest you need.

Advances in healthcare technology and IT have made chronic illness management easier and more convenient for people with conditions like diabetes. Now, your phone can give you access to healthcare professionals and your treatment plans from the comfort of your own home. You can even use your phone for symptom and medication management.

It’s important to talk with your primary health care provider as you set these things up, so you can make sure any technology you’re using is in line with your recommended health plan.

The first step in making your phone your main hub for diabetes management is investing in the right technology. This includes hardware and software. You want your phone, as well as your network, to be reliable no matter where you are. This way, you’re never cut off from the tools you need.

This guide is designed to help people with diabetes outfit their personal devices with everything they need to manage their condition, as well as their general health, right from their phone.

There are several ways that you can use your phone to manage your diabetes. Regardless of what type of diabetes you have, there are apps and devices specifically designed to make tracking and maintaining your diabetes easier.

Mobile health hardware

While your phone cannot substitute for diabetic mobile health (mHealth) hardware, such as insulin delivery tools, it can act as a monitoring tool. Insulin delivery systems can be integrated with smartphones to monitor and track the user's condition, as well as allow more control over insulin pump therapy.

Before investing in any pumps, you should speak with your healthcare provider to see if this equipment is right for you. You will also want to ensure that the pump is compatible with your phone’s operating system. For instance, Insulet specifically collaborated with Samsung, whereas Dario is compatible with Apple iPhones.

Being able to monitor and control your pump from your phone can streamline the number of devices you need to carry. Since phones are such a huge part of modern life, chances are you’re less likely to forget to take them with you somewhere or forget to have them charged. These are just a few of the reasons why some people with diabetes are finding smartphone-controlled pumps appealing.

Diabetic mobile apps

mHealth apps allow you to control smartphone-compatible pumps, as well as monitor things like blood sugar and log symptoms. These can make managing diabetes, as well as any other comorbidities, much easier by condensing them all into one place.

Other general health and wellness apps are also useful when you’re counting calories, monitoring carbs or recording physical activity. Many phones come with a fitness app already installed, but there are several available for free on your compatible app store.

Fitness devices

Wearable fitness devices, such as smartwatches, are also a great choice when you’re monitoring your general health. These devices can be tailored to your needs, which is especially helpful for coping with a chronic illness like diabetes.

These devices can typically be synced with your phone, making the data available no matter where you are. Being able to see how each different health metric fits together will give you a clearer picture of your overall health and help you take a more holistic approach to health and wellness management, instead of just targeting symptoms as they arise.

Your phone can also be useful in tracking your diet and medication, which is a critical part of managing diabetes. These apps make everyday living with diabetes simpler and easier, as they can act as an easy referral tool.

You can also use physical tools to help track your medications, such as e-pill timer caps.

Diet is a huge part of managing diabetes, as getting too much or too little of certain foods can create issues. This is why many individuals with diabetes find it helpful to track their food intake.

Choosing between having separate apps for separate functions or investing in an app that can combine functions will come down to your personal preference.

Exercise is an important part of managing diabetes. Regular exercise aids in insulin sensitivity, helps control blood sugar and provides other benefits, such as mood improvement and weight management. However, for someone with diabetes, it’s important to plan exercise around snacks to avoid dangerous dips in blood sugar that could lead to weakness and fainting and may potentially be life-threatening. This is where technology can help.

Using trackers to track your glucose levels, calorie intake and control your insulin pump can alert you if your blood sugar is dipping too low. Apps can even alert you when it’s time to have a snack. Fitness software and wearable fitness trackers are also valuable during exercise to track other signs of distress caused by exercise, such as rapid or irregular heartbeat.

Smart fitness software

Smart fitness software can not only help you keep track of your fitness goals, but it can also provide fitness planning and guided workouts, giving you all the resources you need to live your most healthy life.

Smart fitness software includes wearables, but these aren’t necessary. You can find plenty of free fitness apps if you’re looking to save money or you can subscribe to premium apps if you want extended services like consultations or personalized meal plans.

Your device may come with a free fitness app with some tracking features. These apps offer tracking and guided workouts, which could be that extra edge that you need to stay consistent. You can also find free guided workout resources online.

Yoga apps & streaming services

Yoga is a great exercise that can benefit both your body and your mind. Yoga can be specifically beneficial to people with diabetes because it is a scalable practice you can do at a gym, studio or right from home. You could practice gentle or more engaged yoga, depending on your exercise needs. Yoga also helps reduce stress, which is another important part of disease management.

You can use yoga apps in place of or in tandem with in-person yoga classes. Whether you just can’t get to the studio or you prefer to work out at home, these apps and streaming services ensure you have a way to practice.

Yoga can be a supplement to other workout routines as a way to reduce soreness or the main part of your fitness plan.

Healthcare technology, including mHealth and diabetes care technology, has made huge strides. However, there is more innovation on the horizon as medicine continues to evolve.

For example, 5G networks could make it possible for doctors to provide medicinal care remotely. 5G has allowed doctors to conduct remote retinal laser photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. The ability to conduct procedures like this remotely could open up tons of healthcare accessibility to more and more places, those with mobility restrictions and others who may not be able to get into a doctor’s office.

When looking at the future of diabetic care, we can see how technology is improving the accuracy, accessibility and ease of care. With phone-accessible apps that help every step of the way for new and existing diabetes patients, people with this chronic disease can reclaim more of their time and independence.

Additional resources for diabetes self-care and management include educational blogs, national organizations and online forums. With these resources, you can connect with others in your community, learn more about the condition and future innovations in diabetes care, as well as seek financial or emotional support from various organizations.

Both new and previously diagnosed patients with diabetes can use these resources.

• Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists: This organization provides care and education resources for those with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. This organization works with adults and adolescents and has tools for diabetes prevention, management and education.
• American Diabetes Association: This is one of the biggest organizations for diabetes support and education in America. It offers resources for people of all ages with diabetes, including resources for prevention, management, education and advocacy. The American Diabetes Association also funds its own research on the disease and can be a great place to get news.
• Carenity: Carenity is an online support group for people living with Type 2 diabetes. Seeking and receiving emotional support is an incredibly important part of managing any chronic illness, because these illnesses can have profound emotional effects on patients. By joining an online group like Carenity, you can find other patients living with Type 2 diabetes to receive support from.
• diaTribe: diaTribe is an online learning and living community that offers educational and emotional support to those living with diabetes. Their blog offers advice for living with diabetes and they also have an online community where you can connect with other people living with diabetes.

Diabetes can have a profound impact on your quality of life. However, learning how to consistently manage your diabetes can ease these effects. Mobile technology has allowed people with diabetes more access to the things they need to make their lives with diabetes easier.

Technological advancements are giving new light to the support and recovery of those struggling with substance use disorders. From telehealthcare to virtual reality to mobile apps, there’s no lack of variety.

What’s more, some internet providers are increasingly expanding their coverage to reach more and more areas. The evolution of the internet powered by 5G will also help fill coverage gaps and provide additional options for broadband internet connectivity. All told, we’re seeing an increase in the accessibility of new technologies that can help with addiction recovery.

From telehealth to wellness mobile apps, researchers are implementing technological innovations in a variety of ways for addiction recovery. These technologies serve a myriad of purposes. Some assist in managing and counteracting cravings, while others help recognize and intervene in crises. Together, these innovations mean new hope for people struggling with a substance use disorder.

Telehealth and digital therapeutics

Telehealth and telemedicine provide a convenient and safe way for individuals struggling with substance use disorders to receive support. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth support is critical to ensuring that the people who need help can receive it. This form of care is especially useful for rural healthcare applications during the pandemic. 

Some of the services provided through telehealth include virtual doctor visits, individual psychiatry sessions, therapy groups, case management and therapy sessions. Care topics that may be included in these services include relapse prevention, cravings management, anger management and conflict resolution. Care providers offer these services through HIPAA-compliant video conferencing software, ensuring that patients’ information is kept confidential. 

Digital therapeutics is a subset of digital healthcare. This practice focuses on behavioral and lifestyle changes, on top of the more clinical management aspects of telehealthcare. Providers can offer digital therapy services through mediums such as apps and messaging boards, which are explored in-depth further below. 

The first prescription digital therapeutic (PDT) to receive approval from the FDA is reSET, a 90-day PDT focusing on substance use disorders. This program provides cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as a contingency management system for patients 18 years or older.

Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the addiction treatment industry. Rehab facilities incorporate the technology into their programs by utilizing its behavior-recognition capabilities. Recognizing and predicting patterns, AI is a great tool to have for crisis intervention.

The technology could help healthcare providers recognize a crisis, such as a suicide attempt or gauge the degree of mental, emotional or physical duress a patient is under. AI could also help predict relapse, by analyzing search queries or behavioral patterns.

AI also has uses in the aftercare of substance use recovery, particularly for support groups. Its pattern-recognition capabilities come in handy again, by connecting patients with other like-minded individuals. This is useful for creating recovery groups that have more in common, such as similar ages or experiences.

Neurofeedback technology

Neurofeedback, also called Neurotherapy or EEG biofeedback is a type of biofeedback that teaches patients how to self-regulate their brain functions. Providing real-time feedback from brain activity, it is a useful tool for operant conditioning. Healthcare providers can use this technology in addiction treatment to help counteract cravings.

One UCLA study showed that using EEG biofeedback in addition to the 12-Step program improved participants' rates of abstinence. This technology, in this case, helped participants accept the change that comes with treatment, in addition to teaching their brains how to become more stable.

Virtual reality

Virtual reality is another technology with the potential to improve the treatment of substance use disorders. One study is using virtual reality to expose people in recovery to their triggers in a safe, controlled environment. The study seeks to teach coping skills to people who have a dependency on substances or behaviors, such as alcohol, nicotine or food.

Mobile apps

Another one of technology’s newer roles in addiction recovery comes in the form of self-help mobile tech and digital apps. There are a variety of addiction recovery apps available that require just a smartphone, data plan and internet connection. Apps range from sobriety trackers and clocks to motivational speakers and inspirational messages. Some apps cater specifically to young adults with substance use disorders.

The biggest barriers to addiction treatment include geographic location, financial cost, stigma and co-occurring disorder treatment availability. Technology has the potential to help those with substance use disorders overcome these barriers.

Through self-help apps, forums or support groups, individuals seeking help can do so when they need to and for whatever reasons. These services afford them privacy and are often offered at a low to zero cost. This is only the start of the benefits behind technology for addiction recovery.

Increases accessibility and equitableness

Geographic location, as mentioned above, can pose a major challenge to individuals going through the recovery process. One study found that there are both structural and quality divisions between rural and urban treatment centers for substance use disorders. For people living in rural areas, it is much harder to find a treatment center, especially a quality one.

Treatment centers and other institutions that provide digital access to these same sorts of services can reverse these inequities. From online support groups to telemedicine, there are many aspects of technology that aid in the accessibility and equitableness of addiction recovery services.

Provides a sense of privacy

Unlike in-person support groups, sponsor meetings or other forms of addiction recovery help, online services provide a sense of privacy to individuals seeking treatment. The stigma surrounding addiction and addiction recovery is vast and can be deeply damaging. When patients do not get the services they need throughout the rehabilitation process because of stigma, it may mean the difference between a successful or a failed recovery.

The privacy afforded to individuals through online services and apps may make them feel more comfortable, open to discussion and willing to get help. At best, this could in turn help decrease rates of relapse.

Mitigates time barriers

Online services mitigate time barriers by allowing 24/7 availability to people from all time zones and regions. People who may especially benefit from this newfound availability include those who feel most at-risk at night, those who live in remote areas or those who live in areas where there’s a greater stigma around addiction.

Technology can only increase accessibility and equitableness if the people who need these services have access to them in the first place. Most of the drawbacks surrounding technology for addiction recovery services stems right back to these same disparities. If a person doesn’t have access to a reliable internet connection, phone or data plan, utilizing technology’s advancement in the recovery process is off the table.

Income, race and ethnicity and geographic location are all contributors to this divide. These are discussed below.

Requires a stable internet connection

Although some digital gaps have narrowed as rural Americans received greater and greater access to the tech over the past decade, they are still less likely to have a stable internet connection than their urban and suburban counterparts.

In a 2018 Pew Research study, 24% of rural Americans claimed that access to high-speed internet is a “major problem.” These concerns are shared by rural residents of different socioeconomic backgrounds, including class and education.

Lack of connectivity can make access to addiction recovery services challenging — and not just for services offered online. Without a reliable internet connection, it may be difficult for people seeking help to find support groups, meetings and sponsors, whether online or in-person. Of course, lack of connectivity also may prevent their ability to use self-help mobile tech and download addiction recovery apps.

Requires an internet-connected device

Just as online addiction recovery services require a stable internet connection, they also require an internet-connected device. This may be a smartphone, a laptop or a tablet. The cost of these devices can add up, especially for families.

Access to an internet-connected device is not a given in an American household, as mentioned in the Pew Research study above. Consistent access to a personal device may be even more difficult for some individuals.

Cost

Utilizing technology for addiction recovery entails a few different costs. First, participants need a reliable internet connection. Then they need an internet-connected device. If they are using a mobile phone, they also must have a data plan. All of these together add up. For some, this may be a significant cost. Access to affordable, quality internet is a problem in the U.S. — and this problem can extend to people in recovery.

Below are additional resources for those struggling with substance use disorders:

• SAMHSA: The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is a well-known recovery organization available throughout the U.S. They offer several resources on addiction recovery, as well as a national helpline.
  • SAMHSA National Helpline.
• American Addiction Centers: American Addiction Centers (AAC) is a leading provider of addiction treatment and features several resources on their site for those who are in need of help.
• FindTreatment.gov: FindTreatment.gov is a government organization for finding recovery treatment programs in areas throughout the U.S.
• Recovery.org: Recovery.org is an AAC resource providing information on finding treatment centers and other forms of information regarding addiction.
• LGBT National Help Center: The LGBT National Help Center offers resources for LGBTQ individuals, including those recovering from substance use disorders.
• National Council on Seniors Drug and Alcohol Rehab: The National Council on Seniors Drug and Alcohol Rehab offers recovery resources to seniors struggling with substance use disorders.
• National Institute on Drug Abuse For Teens: The National Institute on Drug Abuse for Teens offers a variety of resources for teens struggling with substance use disorders.
• Substance Use, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs: The U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs features substance use disorder resources, programs and services for veterans in need.
• Women for Sobriety: Women for Sobriety offers support and resources for women throughout their addiction recovery process.

People are, seemingly more than ever, afforded the opportunity to operate a business from home. With 5G internet solutions becoming more available, small business owners and entrepreneurs have more broadband options that can help them be successful. 

Starting a home-based small business is no easy task though. It requires dedication and persistence to keep operations thriving. Before opening this sort of business, you must ask yourself not only if you have a winning idea, but if you have the focus and motivation to work from home. You must research your idea, test it and fund it, on top of acquiring a payment system and a shipping solution. 

All of these nuances to starting a home-based business will be discussed below, as will the tips, ideas and resources needed to garner growth.

Below is a list of various questions to ask yourself when starting a home-based business. These questions can help guide future business owners and entrepreneurs down a successful path. 

What is your winning idea?

Before starting a home-based business, you need a winning idea. Is there a niche in the market you think needs to be filled? Or is there a demand for a product in your town that’s not being met? These are the questions to ask yourself before opening the doors to your new at-home company.

What are your skills and hobbies?

After coming up with your concept, you’ll have to visualize how you can implement it. Your skills and hobbies are the cornerstones of your home-based business. Think about what you do best and how that can resolve an unfilled demand in the market.

What business skills do you possess?

The amount of business skills you possess is a very important consideration to make. If you’re new to running a business, there may be matters that you’d be better off outsourcing. For instance, all businesses must consider their finances to stay afloat. Speaking to a certified accountant or some other form of financial assistant can help ease the process of opening a home-based business. They may navigate you through purchasing decisions or even help you find a small business loan.

Can your business be conducted at home? 

Of course another important consideration you’ll have to make is whether your business can be conducted at home. Not every business can fully operate from the comfort of a home and may require some different location, building or setting. Businesses that involve tutoring, personal training or making crafts often thrive at home. Other businesses —  such as catering — may be more difficult to run out of your home due to certain laws and regulations.

Do you have the focus and motivation to run a business from home?

Running a business from home requires a lot of self-accountability. From getting it started to following through, it will be on you to make sure things go smoothly. You’ll be responsible for providing your products or services, dealing with any administrative concerns and interacting with customers, among other common business tasks.

Does your lifestyle and home life fit with a home-based business?

Whether your lifestyle works with a home-based business is an essential question, especially for families. Your answer will ultimately determine if a home-based business can truly become a reality for you.

There can be many benefits of home-based businesses, such as: 

• No commute: A home-based business can provide you the opportunity to wake up and already be in the office. While some may find it difficult to separate home and work, if you can manage to distinguish the two you’ll reap the benefits of not having to commute every day. 
• No rent: If you’re a homeowner, you won’t have to worry about rent payments. Working from home won’t cost you any more than your current living expenses — except maybe an upgraded internet package. 
• Flexible schedule: You get to set your own hours. Running the business yourself means you can start work or leave work early, on your terms. This is a great perk for people with children. 
• Lower start-up costs: With a home-based business, there’s no need to worry about a lot of start-up costs associated with an out-of-home business. The location and utilities are two start-up costs that are already taken care of. If you’re starting a freelance writing business, for instance, all you need is your computer and an internet connection. 
  • Lower start-up costs, while common, are not a certainty for every home-based business. Certain businesses will require a significant amount of start-up costs. If you’re looking to sell items through Amazon, for instance, you have to take into consideration the costs of inventory, packing and shipping. 
• Tax benefits: The IRS offers a home office tax deduction to qualified homeowners and renters. If you use part of your home to conduct business, the expenses associated with running it may be covered. 
• No office politics: A home-based business can also mean no office politics. It’s your company so it’s your rules. You’ll decide who to hire, what the dress code is and what the general mood is at the company.

Market research, budgeting and finding merchant services are just a few of the components necessary for developing your home-based business. Each of these components entails its intricacies, difficulties and necessities. Read closely to ensure that you start your business thoughtfully and legally, so that it may grow unencumbered.

Market research and testing your idea

No business plan can be developed without first conducting a little market research. Once you settle on what your home-based business idea is, you must make sure it’s doable. Whether you comb through journals on the internet or speak to locals in your community, you must perform some level of market research.

Your research should include who your target audience is, as much as it includes what your products or services are. Find out who is interested in what you’re offering and how to reach them. At the same time, you’ll want to establish yourself as a professional in that field to better appeal to that audience.

Performing market research will also allow you to test your idea. This could incorporate anything from building a prototype to running it by a group of critics. Find out if your idea works and if people are interested in it to ensure a successful opening.

Start-up costs and budgeting

Every business costs some amount of money to start-up and to keep running — whether it’s operated from home or not. Some costs to keep in mind include a faster internet connection, marketing services and shipping and handling. 

Calculate the costs and then budget accordingly. Make sure you set a realistic budget and that you have the funds to cover it. 

Legal requirements for your business

Like any other business, there are legal requirements you must follow to open the doors. Most of them are quite basic, so don’t feel overwhelmed by the legalities of operating a home-based business. 

Below is a list of some of the common, basic legal requirements business owners face:

• Naming your business: First and foremost, attach a name to your company. This is not only so customers can find your business, but also so you can register it.
• Pick a business structure: The business structure you choose greatly influences your operations. It also plays a role in taxes and how much of your personal assets are at-risk.
  • Business structures to choose from include, but are not limited to: sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company, corporation and cooperative.
• Get licensed: After you choose your business structure, you’ll need to figure out what licenses or permits you may need to legally conduct business.
  • Licenses and permits to choose from include, but are not limited to: general business license, professional or trade license, home occupation permit, sales tax permit, health and safety permit, sign permit and construction permit.
• Check your local zoning laws: Ask your local zoning board any questions you may have regarding licenses and permits. Not every home-based business will require a license, but it’s always safer to check.

Merchant services, payment options and order fulfillment

After you handle all the budgeting and legal requirements, it’s time to think through how you’ll process and fulfill orders. For home-based businesses in the U.S, two common shipping partners to choose from are FedEx and UPS. These companies can print out mailing labels, track shipments and arrange for pickup and delivery.

As for payment services, you’ll also want to find a reputable partner. Look for a service that allows for a variety of payment options. These can boost sales by making it easier for your customers to purchase your products or services. Some options to choose from include Stripe, Due, Elavon and WorldPay.

Once the logistics are in order, dedicate a space for your home-based business. Setting aside a specific space can help you separate work life from home life. The last thing you want to do is find yourself folding laundry when you should be fulfilling orders. While a home-based business provides you a comfortable amount of flexibility, you’ll want to ensure that flexibility doesn’t impede your business responsibilities.

You’ll also need to figure out what you need in your workspace to keep productive. Some home office essentials may include a desk, a comfortable chair, filing cabinets, pens and pencils, a computer, a printer and an internet connection. Of course, different businesses will require different supplies, but these items tend to be universally applicable.

Industry-specific equipment

Industry-specific equipment is often required for many different fields. Some of the best equipment for creative arts professionals to invest in may include a microphone, headsets and or a stylus. A web developer may need the appropriate software for designing and developing websites. A florist may need a good selection of not only flowers, pots and soil, but also a payment software solution.

Tech, devices and software

Most home-based businesses rely on some level of tech to produce or sell their products and services. While a woodworker may not need a computer to cut, sand or polish wood, it would most likely benefit their ability to sell their crafts.

Any home-based business professional can benefit from tech like a trustworthy smartphone or a fast and reliable internet connection.

While the above information is intended to help you get your home-based operation off the ground, you may benefit from additional research into local and regional programs organizations or networking opportunities with other entrepreneurs. The following resources can help you cover the basics and serve as a starting point for you to discover more information about your specific business, community or work-from-home solution.

Government programs and resources

Below is a list of government resources for entrepreneurs and small business owners:

• Small Business Administration: The Small Business Administration (SBA) is the hub for all things small business. From counseling to loans, the SBA can help you get your home-based business up and running. Use their site to find the information, links and resources you need.
• Small Business Development Centers: The Small Business Development Centers are located at several different locations across the U.S. These centers supply small business owners and entrepreneurs with expert advice, business planning assistance, tech development and access to financing, among other forms of support. 
• National Association For the Self-Employed: The National Association For the Self-Employed offers a variety of resources to small business owners and entrepreneurs. They help owners cut costs on products and services such as legal help, home office insurance and healthcare insurance, among other significant business costs. 
• National Women’s Business Council: The National Women’s Business Council provides independent advice and policy recommendations to the U.S. government, including the SBA, on economic issues related to women business owners. 
• Minority Business Development Agency: The Minority Business Development Agency is dedicated to serving minority business enterprises. The agency offers industry-focused services, loans and other forms of support.
• SBA Veteran-owned Businesses: The SBA also features a hub for veteran-owned businesses. The SBA offers support to veteran business owners in the form of funding, training and federal contracting opportunities.  
• IRS Self-Employed Individuals Tax Center: The IRS Self-Employed Individuals Tax Center assists with filing, returns and other tax obligations for self-employed business owners and entrepreneurs. 

Home-based business resources

Below is a list of resources specifically dedicated to home-based businesses:

• Home Business Magazine: The Home Business Magazine features all things home business. Entrepreneurs and business owners can read up about current trends, business strategy tips and the stock market, among other important information. 
• My Own Business Institute: My Own Business Institute (supported through Santa Clara University) provides free online courses to entrepreneurs. Their goal is to help entrepreneurs start and grow their businesses around the world. 
• Power Home Biz: Power Home Biz provides a directory of resources for home-based business owners, as well as articles related to business growth and development. 

Business law and legal resources

Below is a list of nongovernmental legal services and resources for entrepreneurs and small business owners: 

• FindLaw Small Business Center: The FindLaw Small Business Center provides legal resources, including a search tool to find lawyers. 
• Employment Law Information Network: The Employment Law Information Network provides resources and advice on federal and state employment law, including guidebooks for HR. 

Market research and demographic data

Below is a list of market research resources for entrepreneurs and small business owners:

• Census Bureau Data: The U.S. Census Bureau provides data that can help small business owners and entrepreneurs conduct market research on different demographics. 
• FedStats: FedStats is a hub for statistics from over 100 different U.S. government agencies. This resource can be used to perform market research.

As of September 2020, approximately 66% of burglaries took place in residential areas. And over half of those burglaries took place during daylight when people were gone the most (though it’s still unclear how this may have changed after the pandemic-induced work-from-home shift).

Even though the number has decreased from previous years, the data shows the risk to Americans’ homes and personal property is all too real. But what can homeowners do to protect themselves, and their homes, from an invasion? That’s where home security systems come in.

Out of 127.59 million households in the United States, only 36 million have installed home security systems. That’s less than 30% of households who have taken the extra precaution to ensure their family’s safety. Installing a security system can help reduce the number of home invasions. After installing a home security system, homeowners and renters are given a bigger sense of security knowing there are eyes on their homes at all times. Home security systems are so effective that 60% of incarcerated burglars who were interviewed stated that they would “seek out an alternative target if an alarm were detected.”

Whether you already have a security system installed or are deciding whether or not they’re for you, understanding how to get the most of your system is a must. Let’s take a closer look at the best practices to consider when utilizing a home security system.

The “Internet of Things” or IoT is taking regular essential household items, like refrigerators, dishwashers, thermostats, televisions and radios, and incorporating the ability to connect to the internet — making them “smart” devices that can read and share data through the internet. A popular example of this is smart refrigerators. Some refrigerators can take note of what items are in your fridge and relay this information back to you — making grocery shopping easier and more efficient.

Another example is a home security system. Homes that are connected via the internet to home security systems can provide images of the interior or exterior of the home, update owners on which doors or windows are open or locked and relay any security breaches in real-time.

It is important to keep in mind that if your home internet or power goes out your smart home security system will not work until power and internet are restored. If you do have a home security system as a part of your IoT inventory, it is crucial to ensure you have a strong internet connection at all times. If not, this could create security risks and product malfunctions.

Each smart device will come with specific instructions. However, there are common best practices that owners of smart devices should implement to keep the device safe and secure. Similar to mobile phones, it is important to research any application you are downloading to your smart device to be sure it isn’t a scam. The same goes for any other home device that allows you to download apps. 

Other best practices for your IoT devices include:

• Changing the “wake word” that is used to activate/wake up your device
• Connecting to a trusted internet provider
• Creating a password that is strong and unique, yet easy to remember
• Keeping your devices and software up to date
• Paying attention to who/what your devices are connected to. If you aren’t able to identify a connection, remove it immediately 
• Refraining from connecting your debit and/or credit cards to your devices, if possible
• Reviewing the security settings and choosing ones that you’re comfortable with
• Reviewing and understanding the device’s privacy policy
• Using at least two different factors for your device authentication

Remember to thoroughly read the instruction manual to get a better understanding of the best practices for that specific device.

Whether it’s a camera, doorbell system or smart lock, users can select the smart security system that meets their needs.

• Security Cameras: One of the most basic ways to enhance your home’s security is by placing security cameras around the perimeter. When shopping for a security camera you will want to find one that has a night mode, motion-activated and is easy to install, like the Arlo Pro 3 Floodlight Camera. When installing the camera you will want to find areas on the outside of your home that will properly accommodate a camera. For example by your front door, garages, hidden in corners by the roof, etc. If desired, you can also purchase an indoor camera for extra security.
• Security Doorbells: Security doorbells, like the Ring Pro, offer a two-way communication system for residents and people approaching their homes. Not only does it work as a security system but it also doubles as a standard doorbell as well.
• Security Locks: Digital security locks can be installed on your door. That way only individuals who have access to the code can enter your home.

All of which can help mitigate physical security threats but are still at risk of network and internet breaches. To prevent this, it is important to educate yourself on internet safety and properly install your home security device.

Aside from standard smart security technology like cameras and doorbells, having other smart home devices like appliances, plugs/switches and lighting adds to the benefits of having a smart home. These benefits include, but aren’t limited to:

• Control over aspects of your home remotely
• The ability to manage all devices from one place
• Maximization of your home security
• Improved functionality of your appliances and devices
• Increased energy efficiency
• Insight into how your appliances and devices operate

With any device connected to a network, there are security and privacy concerns that come along with them. Take the best practices mentioned above into consideration when using multiple smart devices in your home. Refrain from storing personal data on these devices as much as possible to help double up on security measures. If you do find the need to store personal information, don’t worry — smart devices like lightbulbs, plug-ins and appliances are not inherently dangerous.

Digital personal assistants, like Amazon’s Alexa, Siri and Google Assistant are great tools to help you get through daily activities. All it takes is a single voice command and you can turn on/off lights, take notes, play music, set alarms and much more with the help of your digital assistant. 

But how exactly do these digital assistants use this information? For starters, most (if not all) of these devices are linked to your mobile device. They’re constantly waiting for their awake word (i.e. “Hey Alexa”). Does this mean they’re constantly listening in? Technically, yes. Because of this, cybersecurity threats may be a concern to some users. To prevent falling victim to a hacker you must understand how your digital assistant device works. 

Understanding how digital personal assistants work

Each device is different — everything from the word(s) you need to say to wake it up, the type of commands it’ll do and how to get the most out of it. For most, you will need to create an account with the carrier. From there, you will link your device to your account — oftentimes controlled by your mobile device via the carrier app. 

This app will allow you to personalize your settings, manage the device’s activity and keep track of what is being searched. Typically, everything that is searched is logged and can be reviewed. It is only deleted when the user goes through and manually deletes it — unless an automatic deletion setting is set up prior.

Because your information is stored unless deleted you must know how to protect yourself against cybersecurity attacks.

• Be mindful of what you share. Never tell your device your credit card information, passwords and/or other personal information
• Wipe any critical data from your device that may cause a threat if left behind
• Turn off the microphone when not in use
• Disable the ability to purchase items using voice commands
• Make sure your devices are updated and your internet is secure
• Enable speech recognition
• Create strong, memorable passwords

Before settling on a digital personal assistant, read reviews and product information sheets to see which one would be best for you and your security needs.

Smart TVs, streaming devices (Google Chromecast, Amazon Fire Stick, Apple Stick, etc.) and gaming systems are additional devices individuals can own to help make their house a smart home. While these items aren’t necessarily meant for home security, they still connect to the same network. Therefore it is just as important to pay attention to security and privacy concerns and implement best practices just like the other, more critical, devices.

How to secure your streaming devices

Users can download apps on most smart televisions and gaming consoles because they’re connected to the internet. Just as with anything else connected to the internet, these devices are at risk of being hacked into.

Viruses affecting smart TVs are rare. However, one particular area of concern is the user's data being sold to advertisers to help create more targeted ads. The FTC has made it mandatory for any streaming device, smart TV or gaming console to disclose whether or not they sell their user’s information to ad agencies.

To help protect yourself and your device from possible privacy issues users should:

• Get familiar with their TV’s settings
• Update their streaming service regularly
• Cover up the camera on your TV or gaming console
• Turn off your smart TV’s microphone when not in use
• Create a strong, memorable password for all devices

If you feel that there are too many security risks associated with smart TVs, then you may want to reconsider your streaming option. Instead, using your mobile device to watch movies, stream sports and tune into your favorite channels, like Disney Plus, may be the better option for you.

If for any reason you do fall victim to a security breach, you will want to consider taking action and report any accounts of security vulnerability right away. Listed below are additional sources for individuals who need assistance reporting a crime regarding security breaches:

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Identity Theft Recovery: If you or someone who knows has gotten their identity stolen due to a security breach, contact the FTC Identity Theft Recovery to file a report and recover your identity
• Office for Victims of Crime (OVC): The OVC is a program led by the U.S. Department of Justice and is there to advocate for individuals who were victims of various crimes
• USA.Gov: Report a crime directly using the USA.Gov website
• Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPCS): The CPCS is in charge of protecting citizens from any harm that may come from using thousands of consumer products

Even though security breaches on smart home devices aren’t super common, they still happen. If safety is your main goal when purchasing these tech items, then understanding how to use them properly and researching the device’s best practices is just as important as the device itself.

Keep your family safe by installing security cameras and limiting the amount of personal data that’s entered on other smart devices. Encourage your family to limit their screen time and educate them on the effects of sharing too much on the internet. And remember, no matter what security device you choose, your family’s safety is the most important — you must do all you can to ensure they and your home are secure on all bases.

Interactive learning is a hands-on approach, with a focus on engagement, designed to foster a learner’s attention to creating a more effective and efficient experience. The rise of technology and gamification of education takes the instructional qualities of a learning experience and requires active participation from the learner. 74% of teachers use digital game-based learning to enhance or accompany lessons. 

Digital game-based learning occurs across a diversity of devices for kids, from consoles to computers, tablets and smartphones. Next generation 5G networks can offer faster speeds and overall better performance than 4G LTE, with potential benefits for those who would like to game or learn collaboratively or on the go. Research on how video games impact the brain shows several benefits for human health, further stating that “video games can act as teachers.” Different games with different purposes have been shown to improve physical fitness, improve social behavior and even change and benefit cognition and the mind.

There are countless games available for parents looking to optimize their child’s learning through education-technology trends. From financial and tech literacy to basic reading and writing skills, from art and sciences to foster cognitive development, this article will provide insight and explore educational gaming for young to middle school-aged children.

Early development of math skills is just as essential as reading and may be a predictor of academic success. Early math learning extends beyond memorization of numbers and counting into contextual learning of measuring, arranging, numeracy, the language of space and patterns. Digital math games are an effective way for parents to bring math into daily routine and entertainment. 

Alongside learning essential mathematical concepts, financial literacy is also essential to early childhood education. Many financial literacy concepts can be learned and applied as fundamental knowledge that can later be built upon during classroom exercises and education, as well as at-home financial learning. Consider the following resources for math-and-money digital-education games.

• PBS Kids offers a library of free math games available online and across multiple devices. Many of the available games are designed for preschool to elementary-aged children. Each game focuses on learning a specific concept including counting, understanding shapes, measuring, sorting, identification and more. 
• MathGameTime is a website that offers free online games available across devices for children ranging in age from Pre-K to 7th grade. Games differ in concepts ranging from basic addition and subtraction to learning to solve complex equations while building logic and critical thinking skills. 
• Moose Math by Duck Duck Moose is a downloadable app available on Google Play as well as the Apple App Store. The game is designed for learners aged 2-7 with several diverse activities that focus on understanding numbers, counting, addition and subtraction, geometry and measurement.
• The FunBrain Math Zone is a website that hosts free math games for Pre-K through 8th-grade learners. Games are accessible across devices as long as devices have internet capabilities. 
• Education.com offers money math games for free for parents who sign up for the website. The available games are targeted to specific elementary age groups. Games include identifying and learning how to order coins by value, as well as how to count and exchange money through pretend shopping. 
• MathGames is a website that offers curated money and financial literacy games in a lesson plan format for kids ranging from 2nd to 7th grade. The basic games are available for free with an internet connection, but parents need to subscribe for premium and ad-free games.
• Practicalmoneyskills.com offers a game called Peter Pig’s Money Counter. This game is free and available for download for Android and Apple devices. The game targets children aged 5-8 years old, and functions as an interactive game that teaches children how to identify, count, save and spend virtual money while learning about U.S. currency.

The demand for STEM-related jobs is rapidly growing with only 78% of high school graduates meeting the benchmark of readiness for basic college courses. STEM occupations out-earn non STEM fields by a range of 12-30% across all education levels. STEM education is vitally important to the future workforce and STEM concepts and applications can be taught to and studied by young learners. Consider the following games that children can use to learn foundational concepts for science and technology.

• PBS offers a free library of science games for Pre-K to elementary-aged children. The games are available from the website and can be used with a device that has internet access. 
• Thinkrolls is a game available for Android, iPad, iPhone and Kindle Fire. There is a small cost to purchase the game for download. Playing the game focuses on critical thinking and teaches science and physics for children aged Pre-K to 2nd grade.
• Crazy Gears is a STEM-themed game that teaches science through critical thinking. Crazy Gears is available for purchase for iPad, iPhone and the iPod Touch for a low cost and is focused on children in kindergarten through 3rd grade.
• Simple Machines by Tinybop is an app available for a small cost for Android, iPad, iPhone and iPod touch. This game-based learning app teaches elementary NGSS engineering practices for children in Kindergarten through 5th grade using creativity and critical thinking.
• The NASA Kids Club website offers a variety of free science-based games and activities for young children. There are different online games, apps and learning activities available to teach children about space, science and technology.
• The ScienceGameCenter hosts a variety of both free and paid science-specific games for elementary and middle school students. 
• Bobo Explores Light is a paid game available for iPad that is focused on teaching students to grade 2-6 about different scientific concepts. The game promotes creativity and critical thinking with reading, videos and interactive games, all guided by a friendly robot avatar.

Developing reading, writing and typing skills are essential for young children. This can be done by fostering early literacy skills and promoting emergent writing, expanding vocabulary and becoming familiar with the shapes and sounds of letters. While some very young children may not yet have the motor skills to learn typing skills, young elementary students may benefit from essential typing practice and learning.

• Education.com offers reading and writing literacy games that focus on early literacy such as writing letters, picture comprehension, communicating through symbols, learning the alphabet and more complex topics targeted to elementary students. These games are available for free online through the website on any device that can access the page through the internet.
• Education.com also offers typing-specific games that are available for free through their website. These typing games are categorized by age from grades 1-5. 
• The Typing Club Jungle Junior is a typing game for children Pre-K and up. The interactive game uses both videos as well as interactive games and activities to teach alphabet recognition and dexterity and familiarity with a keyboard.
• PBS Kids offers reading-specific games for young and elementary-aged children. These games are free and available for use on devices that connect with the internet. The skill focus of each game is unique and may include creative storytelling, spelling, choose your adventure, rhymes and word search games. 
• Starfall offers free online games for devices that connect to the internet. Parents may choose to pay for a low-cost membership which includes additional games and content. Games are organized by age appropriateness and emphasis phonemic awareness, systematic sequential phonics and common sight words with audiovisual cues and interactive gameplay. 
• Sesamestreet.org offers free games for early development, including games that focus on reading adventures, letter recognition, rhymes and more. Many games are available in English and Spanish with more than 30 vocabulary words. Games can be accessed with any device with internet connectivity. 
• Typing.com offers a variety of typing games for free. You can create a free account with the website that allows you to track progress and improvement over time. Games differ in difficulty, some that target early elementary and others that develop speed and literacy.

History, geography and social studies games teach children the basics about people, cultures and environments. Learning about history and social studies is important in early learners to encourage participation and inclusivity. Geography for young children is not only important for learning to understand and identify your surroundings but also plays a crucial role in developing a child’s awareness of the connectivity of humans and the environment. Consider the following digital games that foster learning for history, geography and social studies.

• PBS Kids offers Social Studies Games that are available for free and compatible with any device that has internet connectivity capabilities. The games are targeted at kids aged Pre-K through 6th grade and help them explore the world by traveling to different cities, learning about different holidays and foods and looking for hidden objects.  
• Primary Games Social Studies Games offers a selection of social studies and geography games targeted at children in grades K-6. Most games are free to try, though you will need to download them. Once downloaded, you will need to register for the game to have access to all of the levels. 
• Big Fish offers Big City Adventure games that allow children to explore cities around the world while looking for hidden objects. Games are available on PC and come with a free trial, though they must be purchased to play the entire game. The games are targeted at children in elementary and middle school.
• School History offers educational history games targeted at children between late elementary and middle school. You have the option to select the time period or age group to find a game that suits your child’s needs. The games are available for free online on devices with internet connectivity capabilities.
• Lizard Point offers games that teach geography by selecting a continent and exploring different maps. Additionally, children can play games and take quizzes about world leaders and the flags of different nations. These games are targeted at kids of all ages. The games are available for free, but you can register to track progress, engage in the community and earn badges as you progress through quizzes. 
• Ducksters offers games for kids of all ages. You can select games that focus on history, biographies, geography and science. Gameplay includes interactive maps, crossword puzzles and word searches. These games are available for free on any device that connects to the internet.
• Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego is a free game hosted by Google Earth that can be accessed on any device that has internet connectivity. The game allows children to explore the globe by using clues to track Carmen Sandiego while interacting with a global map. 
• Common Sense Media offers games that teach history that are categorized by age groups for children of all ages. Each game has its own device and platform capabilities and teaches a unique or specific historical focus. 

With VR and AR-capable devices, children can learn about ancient history as well as Black History by exploring a virtual world that allows them to tour ancient cities and listen to civil rights speakers.

The arts play an integral role in young brain development. Learning about music and art impacts cognitive, social and emotional development. Learning about and creating art and music can help children in learning other skills such as mathematics, reading and physical activity. Consider the following art and music games for young learners.

• PBS offers games focused on art for Pre-K and elementary children. Each game focuses on a unique aspect of art including storytelling, painting, scribbling and using shapes. These games are available for free on any internet-capable device. 
• PBS offers games focused on music for Pre-K and elementary children. The games are available for free on any device that can connect to the internet. Gameplay focuses on different aspects of music such as creating, singing and dancing.
• Sesame Street offers art games for young children that are available for free on internet-capable devices. The games focus on painting, coloring and drawing and are designed to allow children to experiment with color and images.
• TuneTrain is a free iOS app. The game allows young children to create and edit music and melodies with line-drawing mechanic play. The game explores music structure, pitch, notes, note length and chords.
• The Smithsonian website offers a number of diverse, free online games for children to explore art, music, history and culture through gameplay, putting puzzles and internet-capable devices together, coloring, making collages and more. 
• Artsology hosts a collection of free online games for kids of all ages that focus on creation, solving puzzles or exploring different paintings from famous artists.
• GirlsGoGames hosts free online virtual games that focus on art, music and more. These games are designed for children of all ages. Games may include drawing, painting and coloring, decorating, puzzles and more.

Playing video games can be a way for young children to build social-emotional learning, empathy and other soft skills. Games that focus on social and emotional learning help young students manage and overcome emotions and challenges in a risk-free setting, especially if the game offers interactive and multiplayer modes. The following list represents games that can be used for social and emotional learning. 

• PBS offers feelings games that are available online for free. These games are for young children that teach about exploring feelings, making friends and playing games.
• PBS offers games that support emotional growth. These games are available for free online and teach young children about friends, family, helping, holidays, as well as life milestones such as birthdays or pretend jobs or other experiences such as bath time, bedtime and going to the doctor. 
• PBS offers games that develop teamwork skills. These games often focus on completing a task or going on an adventure alongside a team of virtual characters. Some games require children to take turns, while others accompany the child on a virtual adventure with an animated friend and avatar.
• Sharing with Duckie Deck is a game available on iOS for children ages three and up. The game does come at a small cost. The gameplay is focused on teaching about sharing while using skills such as memory, matching and hand-eye coordination.
• Daniel Tiger’s Grr-ific Feelings is a game for children aged three and older and is available on iOS and Android. The game allows children to explore different emotions where children can create pictures to represent their feelings or identify the expressions of others.
• Peek-a-Zoo is a free game for iOS where children aged two to five learn to identify animals, emotions, actions, sounds and more. This may include learning animal names, identifying emotions such as smiling, surprise or crying or understanding different actions such as winking, waving or yawning.
• Breathe, Think, Do with Sesame is available for iOS and Android for free. The game is for children Pre-K to 1st grade and teaches children strategies for dealing with everyday emotions and problems.

Research on the effects of computer gaming on cognition, brain structure and function as well as VR for effective learning show that visuospatial cognition and attention are the highest benefits, followed by other functions such as memory and general cognition. Consider the following games that benefit brain and cognitive function.

• MentalUP offers entertaining brain games for kids of all ages. The games are available for free from the website and work on any handheld or desktop device that can connect to the internet. Each game focuses on developing a specific skill, including reasoning, planning, visualization, comparison, attention, memory,  concentration and more.
• Learning Games for Kids offers memory games for young elementary to middle school-aged students. Gameplay ranges from sequencing numbers to puzzles, flip games and matching games.
• Learning Games for Kids also offers a variety of logic games focused on building logical and analytical reasoning skills. These games are for elementary and middle school-aged children and gameplay includes solving puzzles, discovering differences and using spatial awareness.  
• PBS offers problem-solving games that are available for free online. These games focus on creative, analytical and logical skills that teach children problem-solving. 
• Montessori Geometry is a game available for iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad for a small fee. The game is designed for children ages five and older and teaches kids to recognize and name different shapes using match-and-seek and vocabulary exercises. The game also helps young learners understand and apply this information to the real world around them. 
• Tozzle is a game available on iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad for a small fee. This game is designed for toddlers aged two and older. Children play the jigsaw puzzle game by identifying shapes and placing them in the correct space. The game increases in difficulty as the child progresses.
• Busy Water is a game available for Android and iOS for a small fee. The game is designed for children aged six and older. The game provokes critical thinking and an understanding of water physics simply by helping a fish get back to his tank.

Parents can take children on virtual field trips with immersive experiences that allow children to explore virtual worlds and tour real-life places. Some virtual field trips are accessible only through VR and AR headsets, while others can be navigated on a screen. Consider the following options for virtual field trips.

• The National Museum of Natural History offers a free on-screen experience and a virtual version of every exhibit in the museum.
• The Vatican Museum offers a 360-degree look at nine specific rooms of the Vatican including the Sistine Chapel. This tour is available on-screen for free.
• The Farm Food 360 is available on-screen and through a VR viewer. You can tour different aspects of farming and animals to understand where your food comes from.
• The National Aquarium offers a virtual tour on-screen for free where children can navigate and explore the entire national aquarium.
• The Discovery Channel offers virtual field trips for on-screen viewing. There is a log of on-demand trips that you can access and new field trips are guided and added regularly to watch live.

NASA offers a few virtual tours of outer space that include exploring Mars, the Moon and the International Space Station.

Video games, apps and educational interactive web pages and field trips are not only fun but can be highly educational and support learning for children of all ages. However, parents may have a few considerations to keep in mind while selecting games for their children to play and learn with. This may include:

• Considering age-appropriate content. This does not always mean ensuring that children are not exposed to inappropriate content but also includes considering if your child can fully engage and enjoy the game and if it meets their age, maturity and any individual needs.
• Look for games and technology that assist your child’s unique needs. There are games and technology available specifically for children with autism spectrum disorder, games specifically for accessibility and children with disabilities, as well as attention-specific or therapeutic games to help children learn how to cope.
• Some games may only be available on some devices, so you may need to decide when it is appropriate to provide your child with a tablet, phone or other tech.
• Mindfulness and managing screen time is important for children and teenagers of all ages to avoid any technology or phone addiction or severe reliance. 
• Parents may also need to be cautious and manage any online relationships that children can develop through multiplayer games. This may include keeping an eye out for online bullying or harassment. 
• Children should also be encouraged to seek out games that they prefer alongside developing essential skills. Allowing a child to explore diverse games and skills can be beneficial to a better understanding of themselves and their preferences. This may include using apps to learn basic programming or playing games to identify plants and animals.
• Alongside these concepts, parents may also consider choosing games by:
  • Reading reviews
  • Checking game ratings
  • Choosing free or paid games
  • Choosing multiplayer games that parents can play with children
  • Choosing games that focus on a specific skill, interest or development

There are many ways that games and other online learning resources can help to foster education and the development of skills and there are many resources available for children, students, parents and teachers. If you are providing education at home, participating in remote learning or additional supplemental learning, consider the following resources.

• Learn how to set parental controls on games and consoles.
• Teach children about cyber abuse and report abusive or toxic players.
• Provide your child with gaming guides and advice on how to stay safe while gaming. This includes selecting usernames, being cautious on what you share, using privacy settings, taking breaks and other cautions. 
• Consider checking out books from virtual and free libraries.
• Look into different programs such as Tinkergarten that support at-home learning with curriculums, guidance, to build outdoor play-based learning. 
• Scholastic offers virtual learning materials for at-home learning for families. The program does require a monthly fee but provides fun and educational activities for children aged 4-10.
• The Khan Academy offers free and paid resources for parents to create personalized learning experiences for their children.
• AWE Learning provides free printables for different activities and skills for children aged 2-12.
• Motion Light Lab offers ASL literacy activities for free as well as activities and apps that can be bought to support children who are deaf and are learning at home.
• Open Culture offers free lessons in 48 languages with access and links to free online courses, movies, audiobooks and podcasts to support learning a new language.

Popular advice encourages finding a career that you love, inspiring many people to look for ways to turn a hobby or interest into a profession. Fortunately for avid gamers, online gaming has created big changes in the world and there are now scholarships and college programs designed to fine-tune your skills and help make a career out of video gaming.

Verizon works closely with industry leaders to discover ways for 5G to transform gaming while sponsoring an esports team and even launching the Verizon 5G Gaming Center, a 5,500-square-foot training facility located at Verizon’s 5G Lab in L.A.

Esports — “electronic sports” — refers to the world of organized, competitive video gaming. Unlike traditional sports, esports are virtual events. Though relatively young compared to other popular sports, the esports industry may be a viable career option for avid gamers, and is gaining participation at the collegiate level as schools seek to recruit student-athletes and join new competitions. Individual competitors or teams, compete against one another in popular esports video games to earn winnings — some examples of top esports games include:

• Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS: GO)
• Defense of the Ancients (DOTA)
• League of Legends (LoL)
• Fortnite
• Call of Duty (COD)
• Rainbow Six Siege
• Overwatch
• Player Unknown’s Battlegrounds (PUBG)
• Hearthstone
• Rocket League

The esports market is booming with a worldwide audience of 223 million frequent viewers and 272 million occasional viewers in 2020. By 2023, those numbers are expected to increase to almost 300 million frequent viewers and 351 million occasional viewers. A recent survey shows that 72% of the esports audience is made up of males. The survey goes on to show that the mean age of esports viewers is 32 — with 80% of viewers under the age of 44 and 38% under the age of 24. 

There are two primary ways to watch esports: attending competitions in-person or streaming.

Streaming platforms have contributed greatly to the growth of esports. These platforms make it possible to live-stream events and personal gameplay. There are numerous platforms to watch on, but Twitch makes up 91.1% of the market share for streaming. Some of the most common streaming platform examples include:

• Twitch
• YouTube
• Facebook
• Instagram
• Caffeine
• Steam

There are several areas where esports competitions are held around the world. The more popular events are held in large arenas, hotels, or convention centers. College esports are generally held at the school campus that is hosting the competition. Esports competitions can also be held virtually. You can find upcoming esports competitions and tournaments online.

The cost of participating in esports depends on the different devices and equipment used for gaming. Different gamers prefer different consoles and equipment. Given the wide range of games and playing styles, it is difficult to put a firm cost on participation. Some of the most common costs include:

• Gaming console: PC, Xbox, Playstation, Nintendo, mobile phones
• Streaming equipment: Camera, camera stand, microphone, audio interface, acoustic treatment/soundproofing
• Additional costs: video games, desk/table, gaming chair, high speed internet, gaming mouse, gaming keyboard, gaming headphones, competition entry fees, mobile gaming accessories, travel, and lodging.

Colleges are offering varsity esports programs and scholarships for qualified gamers. The National Association of Collegiate Esports (NACE) is the regulatory body for varsity esports programs. NACE works alongside Next College Student Athlete (NCSA) to provide the following information surrounding varsity esports programs, scholarships, and the recruitment process.  

What games can you get recruited to play?

Most digital games that are played competitively for money are considered esports games. There are numerous games that you can get recruited to play. Varsity program games generally include:

• Multiplayer Online Battle Arena: LoL, DOTA,  
• Real-Time Strategy: StarCraft, World of Warcraft (WoW);
• First-Person Shooter: CS: GO, PUBG, Fortnite, Overwatch;
• Fighting: Mortal Kombat, Street Fighter, Super Smash Brothers;
• Sports: FIFA, Madden, NBA 2K, Rocket League;
• Collectible card games: Hearthstone.

How to get recruited in esports

Since the esports industry is becoming more and more competitive, there are certain actions that gamers should take to improve their chances of getting recruited — these include:

• Stream: Coaches and recruiters want insight into how you play, not just how you are ranked nationally. Stream or record everything so that you can highlight your accomplishments;
• Compete: Even if you aren’t competing for money, it is important to take advantage of competition opportunities. This experience can help indicate to coaches that you understand how competitions function and if you win or place it can be even more beneficial. Aside from boosting your resume, playing against other gamers can help you learn new skills and improve performance;
• Create a recruiting profile: You will want to create an online recruiting profile to help connect you with different coaches and recruiters by highlighting your skills. Your recruiting profile is similar to a LinkedIn or job board profile. You can create a free NCSA esports profile online; 
• Contact coaches: Coaches do not always find you, so it may be up to you to reach out to coaches and get attention as a prospective recruit. There are numerous ways for gamers to contact coaches including emails, phone calls, and letters. Reaching out may not get you a spot on the team, but it may help get you a tryout or learn what you need to do to improve your chances;
• Work hard in school: Good grades are not the only factor for getting recruited at the college, but some coaches will likely also want to see that athletes are well-rounded and that they are both an athlete and a student.

What to expect in esports tryouts

College esports coaches and recruiters host tryouts to get additional insight into prospective athletes. Your national rank or a highlight video may not be indicative of your practical skills and value to a team, so these in-person tryouts help coaches determine qualified team members and scholarship recipients. If a coach has an interest in a recruit, they may reach out and invite them to attend a tryout (generally on campus). According to the NCSA esports scholarship guide, coaches traditionally grade recruits on the following criteria:

• In-game communication: You want to display both accurate and useful communication while gaming. It’s important to have the ability to communicate clearly and effectively to work with teammates efficiently;
• Teamplay: Varsity esports teams need to be able to work together. This includes making plans and sticking to them. Work to prove that you can be responsible for your specific role in team competitions;
• Attitude: Your attitude is a reflection of what it will be like to work with you. You want to be teachable, positive, and have the ability to take ownership of any mistakes you make.

Creating an esports highlight reel

If you want to create an esports highlight reel to share with coaches and recruiters, consider the following tips:

• Purchase good equipment: You want to avoid poor visual and audio quality with your reel. Invest in a good camera or broadcasting software, camera stand, microphone, interface, and soundproofing/acoustic treatment.
• Place clips in order of importance: You want to impress coaches and recruiters immediately so be sure to showcase your best plays or accomplishments right off the bat.
• Create variety: You want to show that you are a well-rounded player, so be sure to demonstrate your abilities in a number of different situations, not just highlight one area of game strength;
• Avoid too much: Avoid making your highlight videos too long. Aim to make them an average of one to two minutes long. This still gives you plenty of time to highlight your best play.
• Include important information in the video: You want to be sure that coaches and recruiters viewing your reel do not have to search to find your contact information (name, number, email, gamer tag). Be sure to include this in the actual video or in the video description. It may be useful to include additional information in the description like the games you play, your rankings, links to your recruitment profile or streaming channels, etc.
• Revise and rework: As time goes on and you get better, update your reel. Coaches and recruiters don’t want to see clips from years ago, they want to see recent gameplay. Continue to build an arsenal of clips to choose from and rework your reel accordingly.
• Increase exposure: Post your reel to YouTube, Twitch, social media, and especially your recruiting profile.

Academic requirements

Esports are not affiliated with NCAA, so the academic requirements for an esports athlete are different from traditional student-athlete academic requirements. Be Recruited provides the following varsity esports academic requirements:

• Any entering freshman must be a graduate from an accredited high school, or have attained a GED;
• Any entering freshman must meet at least two of the following three criteria;
• A minimum ACT score of 18, a score of 18 on the Enhanced ACT for GED students, or a score of 860 on the SAT;
• An overall high school GPA of a 2.0 on a 4.0 scale (a GED fulfills this requirement);
• An incoming freshman must have graduated in the upper half of their high school class, with proof of class rank on an official transcript or via an official letter from the principal of the high school;
• The student must enroll in a minimum of 12 college credit hours;
• The student must make normal progress towards a bachelor’s degree and maintain the minimum GPA of the school.

Colleges may have limits to how many sports scholarships they can offer, but if you do well academically, you might be able to get an academic scholarship in addition to (or in place of) an esports scholarship. Just because you are not on scholarship does not necessarily always mean that you can’t be part of a varsity esports program.

There are over 204 academic institutions listed on the NACE online school directory and many of them offer esports scholarships. While there are over 200 schools with varsity esports programs to participate in, not all of them offer esports scholarships. 

Sometimes these scholarships are offered by companies in order to help students attend various universities. For example, Verizon announced that they would be offering the Game Forward scholarship, which will award five teams of five female students pursuing technology degrees to Delaware State University, Dillard University, Howard University, Morgan State University, and Texas Southern University. These recipients are also guaranteed internships at top gaming and tech companies.

There are also schools that will offer scholarships to entice talented gamers to visit the campus and tryout for the varsity esports team. The exact amount of scholarship offered depends on the institution's funding, the size of the team, and the skill of the scholarship recipient. Scholarship requirements vary between schools, but prospects must be able to meet general admission requirements. Below is a list of some of the academic institutions that offer esports scholarships.

Alma College

Alma College is a private liberal arts college located in Alma, Michigan that recently launched a varsity esports program that offers scholarships to prospective CS: GO, Hearthstone, LoL, Overwatch, and Rocket league players.  

Scholarship amount: $1,500 per year

Division: III

Admission information

Barton College

Barton College is a private liberal arts college located in Wilson, North Carolina. Barton College offers scholarships within their esports program to LoL, Fortnite, Madden, NBA 2K, and Super Smash Bros players. 

Scholarship amount: $2,000 per year

Division: II

Admission information

Boise State University

Boise State University is a public university located in Boise, Idaho. Boise State’s esports program offers scholarships to prospective LoL, Overwatch, Rocket League players. They offer specific requirements for receiving scholarship — potential recipients must:

• Be a full-time student (12 or more credits)
• Currently have and possess a 3.0 GPA
• Currently be in and maintain good standing with the game publisher

Scholarship amount: Not listed

Division: I

Admission information

East Coast Polytechnic Institute University

East Coast Polytechnic Institute (ECPI) University is a private school located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ECPI offers one of the larger scholarship awards amounts for their esports program, but note that they are still in their accreditation period. They offer scholarships to LoL, Overwatch, Hearthstone, and CS: GO players. 

Scholarship amount: $5,000 per year

Division: N/A

Admission information

Illinois College

Illinois College is a private liberal arts college located in Jacksonville, Illinois. The Illinois College esports program offers the largest scholarship award amount out of the schools listed within this section. Their scholarships are aimed at Overwatch, Hearthstone, Madden, FIFA, Fortnite, CS: GO, Super Smash Bros, and Rocket League players.

Scholarship amount: $15,000 to $20,000

Division: III

Admission information

Juniata College

Juniata College is a private liberal arts college located in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. The Juniata esports program extends scholarship offers to LoL, CS: GO, Rocket League, and Super Smash Bros players.  

Scholarship amount: 2,500 per year

Division: III

Admission information

Lebanon Valley College

Lebanon Valley College is a private liberal arts college located in Annville, Pennsylvania. The Lebanon Valley College varsity esports program for LoL, Overwatch, Hearthstone, CS: GO, Rocket League, Super Smash Bros, and COD gamers. 

Scholarship amount: $2,500 per year up to $10,000 total

Division: III

Admission information

Mount St. Joseph University

Mount St. Joseph University is a private catholic school located in Mount Saint Joseph, Ohio. The Mount St. Joseph esports program offers scholarships to LoL players only — although their site explains how they are in the process of expanding their esports teams.

Scholarship amount: $2,000 per year

Division: III

Admission information

Ohio Northern University

Ohio Northern University is a private methodist school located in Ada, Ohio. The Ohio Northern esports program offers scholarships to Apex Legends, CS:GO, Fortnite, Hearthstone, LoL, Overwatch, PUBG, Rainbow Six Siege, Rocket League, Teamflight Tactics, and Valorant players.

Scholarship amount: $2,000 per year

Division: III

Admission information

University of California-Irvine

The University of California-Irvine is a public land-grant university located in Irvine, California. The University of California-Irvine esports program offers scholarships to LoL, Overwatch, and Super Smash Bros players. 

Scholarship amount: $1,000 to $6,000 per year

Division: I

Admission information

There are important resources and considerations to be aware of if you are trying to make a career out of esports. Gamers should constantly look for tips to improve their game, different esports career pathways, and different trends changing the industry. Below is a list of valuable resources and various considerations for those looking to make a career out of gaming.

• One of the ways to help develop skills in the gaming world is to start early. There are high school esports leagues available to get involved in competitions at a young age;
• Streaming can  be a great way to make money on the side and there are numerous live streaming tools and resources available online —  visual tools, audio tools, monetization tools, analytics tools, and live add-ons/plug-ins;
• Competing in tournaments may be a great way to get your name out there. There are different tournament sites like Toornament, Battlefy, and UMG Gaming that offer open tournaments on their site for all types of gamers to compete in;
• Like most things, there are health risks associated with esports — both physical and mental. Some find video games to be beneficial for their mental health, but it is still important to monitor your mental health, and take advantage of the numerous mental health resources when necessary. Sports Medicine Reports provides a gamer’s health guide that helps gamers identify hazards and take action accordingly;
• Another way for gamers to get funding is to get sponsors. Use these online tips for finding sponsors;
• Playing for a top-tier esports team or making money from streaming may not always work for everyone, but these are not your only options for an esports career. Be sure to research the different esports career pathways that an avid gamer can take;
• Creating your gaming or streaming setup can be an expensive venture. There are numerous stores and sites that offer used games, consoles, and accessories.

The commonality of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans ranges by service era and type of service. Roughly 12-30 percent of veterans from active operations experience PTSD in their lifetime. Additional stressors that can contribute to PTSD and mental health problems after service may also include your active duty and responsibilities, politics, the type of opposition you face and where the war is located.

Some veterans may also experience PTSD from military sexual trauma (MST). It is estimated that 55 out of 100 women and 38 out of 100 men experience sexual harassment while in the military.

PTSD is diagnosed when symptoms last for more than a month, cause significant distress and interfere with a person’s ability for daily functioning. Symptoms range in severity on a case-by-case basis and may occur shortly after their PTSD-inducing experience, or years later. Symptoms include:

• Intrusive thoughts, memories, distressing dreams or flashbacks of the event.
• Avoidance of people, places, activities, objects and situations that remind the individual of, or trigger, distressing memories. Veterans with PTSD may also resist and avoid discussing the event, or any feelings they may have about it.
• Alterations in cognition and mood. This may include loss of memory and negative thoughts and feelings or distorted beliefs about oneself or others. Feelings may also include blame, fear, horror, anger, guilt, detachment or shame. Veterans with PTSD may also lose interest in activities they previously enjoyed or may experience a feeling of inability to experience positive emotions such as happiness or satisfaction.
• Alterations in arousal and reactivity may include being irritable, having angry outbursts, reckless or self-destructive behavior, being overly suspicious or watchful of one’s surroundings. It may also include being easily startled or having issues with concentration or sleep.

Furthermore, veterans who experience PTSD may also experience related conditions such as depression, memory issues, substance abuse and other physical and mental health problems. 

For some, PTSD symptoms may subside over time, while others may need treatment. Common traditional treatments for PTSD include:

• Cognitive processing and talk therapy
• Prolonged exposure therapy
• Stress inoculation therapy
• Group therapy
• Medication
• Alternative therapies such as acupuncture and animal-assisted therapy

Recent studies on PTSD care and treatment include the role of digital technology in PTSD treatments. Digital technology-based applications can provide more accessible treatment for veterans with PTSD and may include virtual telehealth, internet-based intervention, mobile apps, wearable technology, virtual experience with AR and games as well as other digital media. 

This resource guide will examine different digital therapy tools and provide resources that can be used by veterans with PTSD alongside treatment.

Studies on the advancement of mobile health apps and their use for the treatment of PTSD show that mobile apps can provide access to treatment that typically or otherwise must overcome geographic, temporal, financial and cultural barriers. The research into the efficacy of mobile health apps for PTSD is ongoing. Keeping this in mind, the study finds the following benefits to using mobile health apps:

• Improves access to care
• Makes it easier for patients to access information about their diagnosis and treatment
• Provides a discreet environment to assist in a veteran’s ability to manage their disorder
• Improves access to treatment for individuals at any time 
• Helps veterans engage in social connections with other trauma survivors for additional treatment support 

The study also noted that apps are regularly available for smartphone use, for both Android and iOS, making the treatment highly accessible without having to breach a digital divide. Many cell phone and service providers also offer specific military discounts that can make mobile devices and interconnectivity even more accessible.  Apps for mental health can also focus on anxiety management, other mental disorders and general mindfulness during the treatment and recovery phase of PTSD.

Consider the following apps for veterans with PTSD that are recommended by the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs:

• PTSD Coach: Assists veterans by providing information about symptoms that occur after trauma, as well as features for managing a diverse range of symptoms. The app can be personalized and provides tools for screening and tracking symptoms and for handling stress. 
• Beyond MST: Developed specifically to support survivors of military sexual trauma, Beyond MST provides information on common challenges stemming from military sexual trauma. The app also provides tools to cope with problems and reduce stress. Veterans who use the app can also track progress towards recovery goals, and find additional support.
• CPT Coach: Supports cognitive processing therapy (CPT) to decrease feelings of stress induced by trauma. The app provides education and information about CPT, symptom tracking, homework assignments to support treatment and therapy, as well as additional tools.
• PE Coach: Can be used in tandem with prolonged exposure (PE) treatment from a therapist as a treatment companion. The app provides essential and additional information about common reactions to trauma, can record therapy sessions to keep off the file, provides reminders for additional tasks, symptom tracking as well as breathing retraining guidance.
• Stair Coach: Supplements in-person therapy using skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation (STAIR). The app addresses two common issues faced by veterans with PTSD: mood changes and social challenges. The features of the app include detailed information about STAIR, interactive tools for emotional and behavior management, links to support and customizable reminders.

Wearable technology can have health benefits, including the support and treatment of mental health. Wearable tech and portable devices can detect disorders early on, and can even use sensors to indicate when a person is experiencing a trauma-induced symptom. This data can be collected for healthcare providers to assist in treatments and therapy by giving the doctor information about the individual’s PTSD experience when it happens. 

There are many types of wearable tech that can be used to track symptoms and maintain physical health during treatment. These may include:

• Connected smartwatches that can maintain handless communication with healthcare providers.
• Fitness trackers can collect and monitor data from physical symptoms and activities.
• Smart eyewear and brain glasses that modify the frequency and direction of light on the retina to improve comfort, tolerance of environmental changes and decrease hypersensitivity to a sensory stimulus.
• Wearable cameras that can record stimulus and experiences of veterans with PTSD to incorporate new methods into treatment.
• Implantable tech that can monitor body temperature, heart rate, and blood oxygen levels.
• Nightwear connects to Apple products and senses and monitors body movement and heart rate during sleep.
• Emerging wearable tech that can also record fluctuations and symptoms in the body or provide additional comfort and support that may include:
  • Smart jewelry
  • Smart clothing
  • Wireless earbuds

Studies show theoretical and empirical evidence that music therapy for PTSD can have benefits and address symptoms for those that experience post-traumatic stress disorder. Music therapy can impact social, cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms and increase a person’s emotion regulation, ability to feel pleasure and happiness, reduce anxiety and increase feelings of cooperation and community building.

These benefits can help foster resilience, and engage individuals who struggle with the stigma associated with seeking out professional help. Veterans with PTSD can seek services from a music therapist or music therapy program and can make music, write lyrics or listen to music to address or soothe trauma and increase feelings of quality of life. 

There are many ways that veterans can use digital devices and audio accessories to aid in the process of music therapy. This may include:

• Headphones to listen to music at any time, as well as headphones with speakers to record vocals and lyrics 
• Veterans can also stream music to their phones or other handheld devices
• Download music-making apps for handheld devices
• Use handheld synthesizers and pocket operators as instruments
• Record music and audio that they make onto their smartphone

The Zur Institute, which offers accredited educational classes for mental health professionals, notes that cinematic therapy can support therapy and mental health by:

• Eliciting deep feelings and allowing for reflection
• Assist in new ways of thinking, feeling, pursuing and understanding one’s own life
• Lessen defenses and holding back feelings from over-intellectualizing
• Enhance perspective and increase insight and empathy

In a yearlong trial at the Medical University, a cancer center in Vienna, Austria, researchers specifically chose and curated a Disney movie selection for women undergoing chemotherapy. The research found that for women, in particular, watching Disney movies reduced stress, tension, and feelings of fatigue. 

Cinematic therapy may be used at the suggestion and curation of a therapist, but can also be used independently to ease stress and anxiety or serve as a distraction. With the streaming capabilities of modern devices, veterans can access various platforms that offer films, sports, and other entertainment options that offer not only video streaming but music and games.

However, if veterans are using cinema and streaming as a coping mechanism, they also need to be aware that some movies may include content that can trigger PTSD. Veterans can use apps that indicate and offer trigger warnings to ensure that the movies they watch do not induce stress, flashbacks or other symptoms of PTSD.

Some streaming services as well as connectivity networks, offer military and veteran discounts, making streaming movies from digital devices financially and easily accessible on digital devices for active military personnel and veterans.

Research that studied video gameplay and mental health recovery for veterans found that video games can be beneficial to mental health and recovery. Participants in the study reported that gaming not only helped to manage their mood and stress, but also assisted in other aspects of recovery. These include adaptive coping from distraction, feelings of control and symptom substitution. 

Gaming also contributed to positive psychological traits, like confidence, insight and role functioning, which foster feelings of meaning and purpose. Playing games supported these feelings by increasing confidence, feelings of insight and providing role functioning. Furthermore, gaming and using gaming accessories can support socialization when gaming and increase feelings of participation, support and social activities where gamers can connect, talk and lead others in gameplay. 

The report did include responses from participants who said that excessive gaming can lead to feelings of addiction or other life problems, but that these issues were minimal in comparison to the advantages gained through playing video games.

The numerous reports of PTSD from military personnel and veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn created an important and remarkable challenge for behavioral healthcare. This challenge initiated studies on clinical virtual reality tools for the prevention, assessment and treatment of PTSD in veterans. 

The study found promising results; 80 percent of the treatment completers showed statistical and clinically meaningful reductions in PTSD, anxiety and depression. The improvements were maintained through a post-treatment follow-up three months later. This shows promise for the ways that VR technology could change healthcare.

The use of VR to assist PTSD healing in vets supports trauma-focused healing by allowing veterans to relive, confront and reprocess their trauma safely. Virtual reality therapies immerse the participant in a virtual environment. This immersion can change how the brain processes the body and support mental health treatments with exposure therapy. 

In traditional therapy, a mental health professional might ask a patient to close their eyes and recall or imagine the stimulus that triggers a PTSD reaction. With virtual therapy, participants can relive the experience as part of their treatment. Treatment with virtual reality should be designed and accompanied by a mental health professional and will include the use of appropriate VR products and devices, as well as connectivity requirements to ensure that treatment is not disrupted during application. 

Other applications for using virtual reality for the treatment of symptoms may include utilizing VR technology to explore, engage with interesting or soothing environments that can alleviate other symptoms of stress, or support positive experiences and feelings.

In addition to technological advancements that support healing for veterans, there are also dedicated organizations and resources that provide assistance. Consider the following additional veteran-specific PTSD resources:

• Wounded Warrior Project is an organization that recognizes the individual needs and challenges of veterans. They offer a variety of sources that are supporter funded and free for veterans, including community and social support, mental wellness support, physical wellness, career counseling, and independence programs.
• The U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs has a National Center for PTSD. This program offers education and support for veterans experiencing PTSD as well as support for friends and families.
• PTSD Foundation of America provides a combat trauma helpline specific to veterans. To contact the helpline call: 877.717.7873. The organization also offers information for those with PTSD, as well as aid in finding support groups and local chapters. 
• Military OneSource provides a 24/7 call number that connects veterans with contracted mental health counselors at any time. They can also provide and guide veterans in finding supplementary support and resources.
• Militarybenefits.info offers information and resources for veterans who experience PTSD, alongside other valuable resources for military discounts, VA benefits, housing and homeownership, money and financing, as well as jobs and education support.

By definition, accessibility means “the degree to which something is reachable.” For people living with disabilities, accessibility doesn’t just mean how reachable something is — oftentimes, the level of accessibility can define their ability to interact with and participate in certain activities or events, including entertainment.

According to the CDC, 61 million Americans are living with disabilities, which makes accessibility in entertainment a huge priority for a large group of people. Increases in awareness of accessibility issues in gaming have inspired innovations in video game creation and assistive technology, to allow individuals to customize their game experience to their needs.

Video games have evolved significantly since their debut in 1958. This evolution has changed the way people interact with gaming — and the way that gaming interacts with people. Now, people with disabilities are discovering the self-care benefits of video games, which can be both mental and physical.

Cognitive and developmental benefits

You may have heard differing opinions on the mental benefits, or detriments, that video games cause. According to Dr. Romeo Vitelli (Psychology Today), media often casts video games in a negative light, however, “Video games have changed in recent years to become more complex, realistic, and social in nature.” Vitelli says researchers are shifting away from the narrative that video games inspire violent or problematic behavior, and are studying the real, long-lasting cognitive benefits of gaming.

According to Dr. Vitelli, these benefits may include:

• Improved problem-solving
• Enhanced spatial awareness
• Greater neural processing and efficiency
• Enhanced attention functioning
• Improved creativity
• Increased flow, relaxation, and social connectivity

These benefits can be useful in a wide variety of situations, such as managing dyslexia and even treating amblyopia or "lazy eye". 

Therapeutic benefits

Researchers from Electronic Entertainment Design and Research and the University of California San Diego point out that gaming can also have several therapeutic benefits for those with different needs and in different situations. These benefits may include:

• Distraction from pain
• Relief from boredom due to immobility
• Reduction of anxiety and hyperactivity
• Improvement of mood and reduction of sadness

Many of these benefits are similar to those that come from hobbies like sports. Some individuals with disabilities may not be able to participate in various types of sports, so eSports are an option that may help them to feel included, and reap the social, mental and physical benefits of gaming.

Educational benefits

With rising trends in remote and online learning, video games have not just been used as therapeutic tools, but as educational tools. According to EdSource, games in the classroom have helped students of all ages connect to their lessons in tangible ways. Games have been designed to teach all kinds of lessons, for all levels of education, including but not limited to:

• Math
• Programming
• Reading and comprehension
• Spelling
• History
• Geography
• Physics

Sandbox games, or video games with open worlds such as Minecraft, are also being adapted as educational tools. Because video games are adaptable, they can be tailored to students with different needs or abilities.

Social benefits

Developing good social skills is an important part of both personal and professional development. “Social and prosocial activities are an intrinsic part of the gaming experience with gamers rapidly learning social skills that could generalize to social relationships in the real world,” says Dr. Vitelli. 

He cites a study by Isabela Granic, PhD, of Radboud University Nijmegen in The Netherlands. Granic’s research found that over 70% of gamers play with friends. Granic also found that playing simple games such as Angry Birds can improve players’ moods. Gaming, especially online gaming and streaming, may help provide a sense of community and give people with different needs an opportunity to socialize, and even earn supplemental income. 

Due to verbal, processing, or social impairments, face-to-face socialization can be difficult or daunting for some people with disabilities. This is where games with chat rooms and chat applications designed to work in-game, like Discord, can create opportunities for socialization for people with impairments. Socializing through online gaming is also an accessible option for people who may spend a significant amount of time in the hospital or on bed rest due to their disability. This can decrease feelings of loneliness and improve their mood, which can even assist healing and recovery.

Video games as sensory play 

Sensory play is any activity that stimulates any of the five senses. Research shows that sensory play builds neural pathways, which can enhance complex learning ability and attention span. Sensory play is important for young children, children with disabilities, and even seniors to hone their cognitive skills. There have been video games designed to stimulate the senses, which can be a beneficial aspect of sensory play. Some sensory video games include:

• Disney’s Fantasia: Music Evolved
• Fruit Ninja Kinect
• Just Dance
• Sesame Street: Ready, Set, Grover!
• Candy Crush

Many of these games are available on mobile devices and consoles, so they are accessible where you need them. Some sensory games, like Just Dance, are even multiplayer, which allows the whole family to join in for quality playtime.

Accessibility in gaming goes beyond game design and into gaming accessories. Hardware, software and other assistive technology can make gaming more accessible for people with disabilities. Assistive technology not only improves the accessibility of gaming, but it gives people with disabilities the freedom to customize their gaming experience without having to wait for the developers. This can open up a wider variety of games for people with impairments.

Adaptive controllers and wearables

Adaptive controllers and wearables, such as headsets, can help gamers with disabilities control and communicate better while gaming. You can get a variety of controllers that suit your specific needs — for example, Logitech offers the Logitech G® Adaptive Gaming Kit, featuring plug-and-play control buttons and game boards in various sizes that can suit different needs.

Gaming wearables, such as headsets and VR rigs, are an evolving and exciting part of modern gaming. Accessibility in gaming wearables can be as simple as wireless headsets, which can allow people who use wheelchairs or mobility aids freedom of movement, without losing audio connection to their consoles. Conversely, it can be as advanced as adaptive gear such as the Jouse+, which is a mounted controller set operated entirely by the head to cater to gamers with limited or no movement. 

Studio and developer player accessibility guidelines

Developers and video game studios may also offer some accessibility guidelines to provide tips for individuals with disabilities looking to adapt their system or game. These guidelines may include how to turn on accessibility features, such as text-to-speech, or how to report an accessibility problem. Some of the studios that currently have accessibility guides posted include the following:

• EA
• Playstation
• Xbox
• Blizzard

Software

There is a variety of adaptive technology that has been or can be installed on an array of gaming devices and consoles, often at little or no cost. These software updates can include, but aren’t limited to the following:

• Talk-to-text
• Visual assistance;
• Larger subtitles
• Technology for the deaf and hard of hearing
• Color-blind friendly menu options
• Scalable haptic feedback

You can find how to turn on these options in the options menu of your game, or the accessibility guidelines mentioned above. An accessibility resource center may also be able to help connect you with these software solutions, as well as help you troubleshoot any issues or answer questions you may have.

Accessibility is becoming a bigger focus in the gaming industry, with big games such as Naughty Dog’s The Last of Us Part II, offering over 60 accessibility options pre-built into the game’s options. For a long time, gamers were having to make accessibility modifications for their games. However, with updates to the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA), the landscape of accessibility compliance in-game production is beginning to change that for the better. Accessibility in games is even surpassing studios, with the International Game Developers Association focusing on U.S. Legislation centered on accessibility in all advanced communication software, such as gaming consoles.